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Hallux valgus is a deformity in which the big toe deviates outward (valgus), causing a prominent bump on the inner side of the big toe joint. This prominence forms on the medial side of the joint and is commonly referred to as a “bunion.” The deformity results from both the outward deviation of the big toe and the protrusion of the first metatarsal bone. Hallux valgus is a shape deformity of the foot and one of the most common forefoot problems.

Although hallux valgus can affect both men and women, it is significantly more common in women, occurring in up to 30% of the female population. The main reason is footwear choice — many women use high-heeled, narrow-toe shoes, which increase pressure on the big toe joint and accelerate deformity. When these environmental factors combine with underlying genetic predisposition, the risk becomes even higher.

Hallux valgus develops due to a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences. In most patients, there is a strong hereditary component causing structural foot tendencies. External factors — especially narrow or high-heeled shoes — push the toes into misalignment. When genetics and footwear interact, hallux valgus becomes more severe and more symptomatic.

Yes. Although women represent the majority of hallux valgus patients, men can also develop the condition. The difference is primarily due to footwear habits rather than biology. Men who have a genetic predisposition or wear tight footwear can experience the same deformity.

Patients typically seek medical attention when the bunion becomes painful, interferes with walking, or makes shoe wear difficult. As the deformity progresses, inflammation around the joint increases and daily activities become uncomfortable. Genetic predisposition plus lifestyle factors often lead patients to evaluation or surgery.

Yes. A broken bone enters a biologically controlled healing phase. Once the healing is complete, the bone regains the same strength and durability it had before the fracture. This is well-established in scientific orthopedics, and there is no debate about the healing process restoring normal structural strength.

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